SD カードや USB HDD などを接続して、ロガーとして運用する場合など、UPS と連動させたい場合もあると思います。
電源断時にシャットダウン処理などができるよう、UPS と接続する方法を紹介します。

• Ubuntu Linux で標準でパッケージが用意されている
• ドキュメントも豊富

という理由から、APC 社の UPS を使用します。

製品の種類はたくさんありますが、

• MA-E3xx は、PC ほど消費電力は大きくない
• 正弦波出力のほうが安心

といった理由から、Smart-UPS シリーズの中の、容量が一番小さな製品 (Smart-UPS 500) を使ってみます ¹⁾。

※注 現行品は、Ubuntu 14.04 の apcupsd (3.14.10) と製品添付のシリアルケーブル (940-0625A) の組み合わせでは動作しません²⁾。

• UPS 本体ファームウェアの更新
  • [参考] How do I update the firmware of my SMT, SMX, SMC, or SRT series Smart-UPS?
• UPS “modbus” プロトコルの有効化 (本体パネルでの操作)
• apcupsd 3.14.12 への upgrade (v2.4.2α2 で、Ubuntu 15.04α から backport しています)

が必要です。

USB ケーブルで、UPS と接続します。
HID driver で認識されます。

[56980.932837] usb 1-1.3: new low-speed USB device number 5 using musb-hdrc
[56981.032473] usb 1-1.3: New USB device found, idVendor=051d, idProduct=0002
[56981.032513] usb 1-1.3: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=1, SerialNumber=2
[56981.032523] usb 1-1.3: Product: Smart-UPS 500 FW:650.13.A USB FW:4.2
[56981.032531] usb 1-1.3: Manufacturer: American Power Conversion
[56981.032538] usb 1-1.3: SerialNumber: AS06xxxxxxxx

※ シリアルケーブル (940-0625A 等) で接続する場合、上記ログは出力されません。

APC 社の UPS と連動するためのソフト apcupsd はパッケージからインストール済みですので、
設定ファイルの編集だけを行います。

参考:

• apcupsd - Ubuntu Community Help Wiki
• apcupsd - PukiWiki

/etc/apcupsd/apcupsd.conf を編集します。

apcupsd.conf

## apcupsd.conf v1.1 ##
# 
#  for apcupsd release 3.14.12 (29 March 2014) - debian
#
# "apcupsd" POSIX config file
 
#
# ========= General configuration parameters ============
#
 
# UPSNAME xxx
#   Use this to give your UPS a name in log files and such. This
#   is particulary useful if you have multiple UPSes. This does not
#   set the EEPROM. It should be 8 characters or less.
#UPSNAME
 
# UPSCABLE <cable>
#   Defines the type of cable connecting the UPS to your computer.
#
#   Possible generic choices for <cable> are:
#     simple, smart, ether, usb
#
#   Or a specific cable model number may be used:
#     940-0119A, 940-0127A, 940-0128A, 940-0020B,
#     940-0020C, 940-0023A, 940-0024B, 940-0024C,
#     940-1524C, 940-0024G, 940-0095A, 940-0095B,
#     940-0095C, 940-0625A, M-04-02-2000
#
UPSCABLE 940-0625A
 
# To get apcupsd to work, in addition to defining the cable
# above, you must also define a UPSTYPE, which corresponds to
# the type of UPS you have (see the Description for more details).
# You must also specify a DEVICE, sometimes referred to as a port.
# For USB UPSes, please leave the DEVICE directive blank. For
# other UPS types, you must specify an appropriate port or address.
#
# UPSTYPE   DEVICE           Description
# apcsmart  /dev/tty**       Newer serial character device, appropriate for 
#                            SmartUPS models using a serial cable (not USB).
#
# usb       <BLANK>          Most new UPSes are USB. A blank DEVICE
#                            setting enables autodetection, which is
#                            the best choice for most installations.
#
# net       hostname:port    Network link to a master apcupsd through apcupsd's 
#                            Network Information Server. This is used if the
#                            UPS powering your computer is connected to a 
#                            different computer for monitoring.
#
# snmp      hostname:port:vendor:community
#                            SNMP network link to an SNMP-enabled UPS device.
#                            Hostname is the ip address or hostname of the UPS 
#                            on the network. Vendor can be can be "APC" or 
#                            "APC_NOTRAP". "APC_NOTRAP" will disable SNMP trap 
#                            catching; you usually want "APC". Port is usually 
#                            161. Community is usually "private".
#
# netsnmp   hostname:port:vendor:community
#                            OBSOLETE
#                            Same as SNMP above but requires use of the 
#                            net-snmp library. Unless you have a specific need
#                            for this old driver, you should use 'snmp' instead.
#
# dumb      /dev/tty**       Old serial character device for use with 
#                            simple-signaling UPSes.
#
# pcnet     ipaddr:username:passphrase:port
#                            PowerChute Network Shutdown protocol which can be 
#                            used as an alternative to SNMP with the AP9617 
#                            family of smart slot cards. ipaddr is the IP 
#                            address of the UPS management card. username and 
#                            passphrase are the credentials for which the card 
#                            has been configured. port is the port number on 
#                            which to listen for messages from the UPS, normally 
#                            3052. If this parameter is empty or missing, the 
#                            default of 3052 will be used.
#
# modbus    /dev/tty**       Serial device for use with newest SmartUPS models
#                            supporting the MODBUS protocol.
#
UPSTYPE modbus
DEVICE /dev/ttyO1
 
# POLLTIME <int>
#   Interval (in seconds) at which apcupsd polls the UPS for status. This
#   setting applies both to directly-attached UPSes (UPSTYPE apcsmart, usb, 
#   dumb) and networked UPSes (UPSTYPE net, snmp). Lowering this setting
#   will improve apcupsd's responsiveness to certain events at the cost of
#   higher CPU utilization. The default of 60 is appropriate for most
#   situations.
#POLLTIME 60
 
# LOCKFILE <path to lockfile>
#   Path for device lock file. Not used on Win32.
LOCKFILE /var/lock
 
# SCRIPTDIR <path to script directory>
#   Directory in which apccontrol and event scripts are located.
SCRIPTDIR /etc/apcupsd
 
# PWRFAILDIR <path to powerfail directory>
#   Directory in which to write the powerfail flag file. This file
#   is created when apcupsd initiates a system shutdown and is
#   checked in the OS halt scripts to determine if a killpower
#   (turning off UPS output power) is required.
PWRFAILDIR /etc/apcupsd
 
# NOLOGINDIR <path to nologin directory>
#   Directory in which to write the nologin file. The existence
#   of this flag file tells the OS to disallow new logins.
NOLOGINDIR /etc
 
 
#
# ======== Configuration parameters used during power failures ==========
#
 
# The ONBATTERYDELAY is the time in seconds from when a power failure
#   is detected until we react to it with an onbattery event.
#
#   This means that, apccontrol will be called with the powerout argument
#   immediately when a power failure is detected.  However, the
#   onbattery argument is passed to apccontrol only after the 
#   ONBATTERYDELAY time.  If you don't want to be annoyed by short
#   powerfailures, make sure that apccontrol powerout does nothing
#   i.e. comment out the wall.
ONBATTERYDELAY 6
 
# 
# Note: BATTERYLEVEL, MINUTES, and TIMEOUT work in conjunction, so
# the first that occurs will cause the initation of a shutdown.
#
 
# If during a power failure, the remaining battery percentage
# (as reported by the UPS) is below or equal to BATTERYLEVEL, 
# apcupsd will initiate a system shutdown.
BATTERYLEVEL 5
 
# If during a power failure, the remaining runtime in minutes 
# (as calculated internally by the UPS) is below or equal to MINUTES,
# apcupsd, will initiate a system shutdown.
MINUTES 3
 
# If during a power failure, the UPS has run on batteries for TIMEOUT
# many seconds or longer, apcupsd will initiate a system shutdown.
# A value of 0 disables this timer.
#
#  Note, if you have a Smart UPS, you will most likely want to disable
#    this timer by setting it to zero. That way, you UPS will continue
#    on batteries until either the % charge remaing drops to or below BATTERYLEVEL,
#    or the remaining battery runtime drops to or below MINUTES.  Of course,
#    if you are testing, setting this to 60 causes a quick system shutdown
#    if you pull the power plug.   
#  If you have an older dumb UPS, you will want to set this to less than
#    the time you know you can run on batteries.
TIMEOUT 0
 
#  Time in seconds between annoying users to signoff prior to
#  system shutdown. 0 disables.
ANNOY 300
 
# Initial delay after power failure before warning users to get
# off the system.
ANNOYDELAY 60
 
# The condition which determines when users are prevented from
# logging in during a power failure.
# NOLOGON <string> [ disable | timeout | percent | minutes | always ]
NOLOGON disable
 
# If KILLDELAY is non-zero, apcupsd will continue running after a
# shutdown has been requested, and after the specified time in
# seconds attempt to kill the power. This is for use on systems
# where apcupsd cannot regain control after a shutdown.
# KILLDELAY <seconds>  0 disables
KILLDELAY 0
 
#
# ==== Configuration statements for Network Information Server ====
#
 
# NETSERVER [ on | off ] on enables, off disables the network
#  information server. If netstatus is on, a network information
#  server process will be started for serving the STATUS and
#  EVENT data over the network (used by CGI programs).
NETSERVER on
 
# NISIP <dotted notation ip address>
#  IP address on which NIS server will listen for incoming connections.
#  This is useful if your server is multi-homed (has more than one
#  network interface and IP address). Default value is 0.0.0.0 which
#  means any incoming request will be serviced. Alternatively, you can
#  configure this setting to any specific IP address of your server and 
#  NIS will listen for connections only on that interface. Use the
#  loopback address (127.0.0.1) to accept connections only from the
#  local machine.
NISIP 127.0.0.1
 
# NISPORT <port> default is 3551 as registered with the IANA
#  port to use for sending STATUS and EVENTS data over the network.
#  It is not used unless NETSERVER is on. If you change this port,
#  you will need to change the corresponding value in the cgi directory
#  and rebuild the cgi programs.
NISPORT 3551
 
# If you want the last few EVENTS to be available over the network
# by the network information server, you must define an EVENTSFILE.
EVENTSFILE /var/log/apcupsd.events
 
# EVENTSFILEMAX <kilobytes>
#  By default, the size of the EVENTSFILE will be not be allowed to exceed
#  10 kilobytes.  When the file grows beyond this limit, older EVENTS will
#  be removed from the beginning of the file (first in first out).  The
#  parameter EVENTSFILEMAX can be set to a different kilobyte value, or set
#  to zero to allow the EVENTSFILE to grow without limit.
EVENTSFILEMAX 10
 
#
# ========== Configuration statements used if sharing =============
#            a UPS with more than one machine
 
#
# Remaining items are for ShareUPS (APC expansion card) ONLY
#
 
# UPSCLASS [ standalone | shareslave | sharemaster ]
#   Normally standalone unless you share an UPS using an APC ShareUPS
#   card.
UPSCLASS standalone
 
# UPSMODE [ disable | share ]
#   Normally disable unless you share an UPS using an APC ShareUPS card.
UPSMODE disable
 
#
# ===== Configuration statements to control apcupsd system logging ========
#
 
# Time interval in seconds between writing the STATUS file; 0 disables
STATTIME 0
 
# Location of STATUS file (written to only if STATTIME is non-zero)
STATFILE /var/log/apcupsd.status
 
# LOGSTATS [ on | off ] on enables, off disables
# Note! This generates a lot of output, so if         
#       you turn this on, be sure that the
#       file defined in syslog.conf for LOG_NOTICE is a named pipe.
#  You probably do not want this on.
LOGSTATS off
 
# Time interval in seconds between writing the DATA records to
#   the log file. 0 disables.
DATATIME 0
 
# FACILITY defines the logging facility (class) for logging to syslog. 
#          If not specified, it defaults to "daemon". This is useful 
#          if you want to separate the data logged by apcupsd from other
#          programs.
#FACILITY DAEMON
 
#
# ========== Configuration statements used in updating the UPS EPROM =========
#
 
#
# These statements are used only by apctest when choosing "Set EEPROM with conf
# file values" from the EEPROM menu. THESE STATEMENTS HAVE NO EFFECT ON APCUPSD.
#
 
# UPS name, max 8 characters 
#UPSNAME UPS_IDEN
 
# Battery date - 8 characters
#BATTDATE mm/dd/yy
 
# Sensitivity to line voltage quality (H cause faster transfer to batteries)  
# SENSITIVITY H M L        (default = H)
#SENSITIVITY H
 
# UPS delay after power return (seconds)
# WAKEUP 000 060 180 300   (default = 0)
#WAKEUP 60
 
# UPS Grace period after request to power off (seconds)
# SLEEP 020 180 300 600    (default = 20)
#SLEEP 180
 
# Low line voltage causing transfer to batteries
# The permitted values depend on your model as defined by last letter 
#  of FIRMWARE or APCMODEL. Some representative values are:
#    D 106 103 100 097
#    M 177 172 168 182
#    A 092 090 088 086
#    I 208 204 200 196     (default = 0 => not valid)
#LOTRANSFER  208
 
# High line voltage causing transfer to batteries
# The permitted values depend on your model as defined by last letter 
#  of FIRMWARE or APCMODEL. Some representative values are:
#    D 127 130 133 136
#    M 229 234 239 224
#    A 108 110 112 114
#    I 253 257 261 265     (default = 0 => not valid)
#HITRANSFER 253
 
# Battery charge needed to restore power
# RETURNCHARGE 00 15 50 90 (default = 15)
#RETURNCHARGE 15
 
# Alarm delay 
# 0 = zero delay after pwr fail, T = power fail + 30 sec, L = low battery, N = never
# BEEPSTATE 0 T L N        (default = 0)
#BEEPSTATE T
 
# Low battery warning delay in minutes
# LOWBATT 02 05 07 10      (default = 02)
#LOWBATT 2
 
# UPS Output voltage when running on batteries
# The permitted values depend on your model as defined by last letter 
#  of FIRMWARE or APCMODEL. Some representative values are:
#    D 115
#    M 208
#    A 100
#    I 230 240 220 225     (default = 0 => not valid)
#OUTPUTVOLTS 230
 
# Self test interval in hours 336=2 weeks, 168=1 week, ON=at power on
# SELFTEST 336 168 ON OFF  (default = 336)
#SELFTEST 336

変更した点は下記になります (conf ファイル中に書いてあるドキュメントのままですが)。

Ubuntu の daemon が起動時に参照するファイル (/etc/default/apcupsd) も変更します。

apcupsd

# Defaults for apcupsd initscript
 
# Apcupsd-devel internal configuration
APCACCESS=/sbin/apcaccess
ISCONFIGURED=yes

ISCONFIGURED を “no” から “yes” に変更します。

設定ファイルの編集ができたら、service を起動します。

user1@plum:~$ sudo service apcupsd start
Starting UPS power management: apcupsd.
user1@plum:~$

MA-E3xx の起動時にデフォルトで起動させるためには、update-rc.d コマンドで有効化します。

user1@plum:~$ sudo update-rc.d apcupsd enable
update-rc.d: warning:  start runlevel arguments (none) do not match apcupsd Default-Start values (2 3 4 5)
update-rc.d: warning:  stop runlevel arguments (none) do not match apcupsd Default-Stop values (0 1 6)
 Enabling system startup links for /etc/init.d/apcupsd ...
 Removing any system startup links for /etc/init.d/apcupsd ...
   /etc/rc0.d/K80apcupsd
   /etc/rc1.d/S41apcupsd
   /etc/rc2.d/K59apcupsd
   /etc/rc3.d/K59apcupsd
   /etc/rc4.d/K59apcupsd
   /etc/rc5.d/K59apcupsd
   /etc/rc6.d/K80apcupsd
 Adding system startup for /etc/init.d/apcupsd ...
   /etc/rc0.d/K80apcupsd -> ../init.d/apcupsd
   /etc/rc1.d/S41apcupsd -> ../init.d/apcupsd
   /etc/rc6.d/K80apcupsd -> ../init.d/apcupsd
   /etc/rc2.d/S41apcupsd -> ../init.d/apcupsd
   /etc/rc3.d/S41apcupsd -> ../init.d/apcupsd
   /etc/rc4.d/S41apcupsd -> ../init.d/apcupsd
   /etc/rc5.d/S41apcupsd -> ../init.d/apcupsd
user1@plum:~$

UPS の状態を確認することができます。

user1@plum:~$ sudo service apcupsd status
APC      : 001,036,0846
DATE     : 2014-11-18 10:58:39 +0900  
HOSTNAME : plum
VERSION  : 3.14.12 (29 March 2014) debian
UPSNAME  : APCUPS
CABLE    : Custom Cable Smart
DRIVER   : MODBUS UPS Driver
UPSMODE  : Stand Alone
STARTTIME: 2014-11-18 10:51:09 +0900  
MODEL    : Smart-UPS 500
STATUS   : ONLINE 
LINEV    : 103.6 Volts
LOADPCT  : 0.0 Percent
BCHARGE  : 100.0 Percent
TIMELEFT : 383.0 Minutes
MBATTCHG : 5 Percent
MINTIMEL : 3 Minutes
MAXTIME  : 0 Seconds
OUTPUTV  : 103.6 Volts
DWAKE    : 0 Seconds
DSHUTD   : 90 Seconds
ITEMP    : 34.6 C
BATTV    : 26.8 Volts
LINEFREQ : 50.0 Hz
NUMXFERS : 0
TONBATT  : 0 Seconds
CUMONBATT: 0 Seconds
XOFFBATT : N/A
SELFTEST : OK
STATFLAG : 0x05000008
MANDATE  : 2013-09-20
SERIALNO : AS133xxxxxxx
BATTDATE : 2014-09-15
NOMOUTV  : 100 Volts
NOMPOWER : 360 Watts
FIRMWARE : UPS 09.1 / 00.4
END APC  : 2014-11-18 10:59:38 +0900  
user1@plum:~$